Legal validity of e-signatures

Last updated: 31 Oct 2026 (v1)

Contracts do not require a specific form

Under Japanese Civil Code Art. 522(2), contracts are formed by agreement; paper and seals are generally not required.

Evidential strength

Art. 3 of the Electronic Signatures Act presumes authenticity of records bearing the principal's e-signature. We record SMS one-time code + DOB verification, timestamps and device data, a SHA-256 seal and write-once storage.

Specified Commercial Transactions Act & minors

For continuous services (e.g., orthodontics) cancellation and settlement clauses matter; our standard forms include them, and minors require guardian signature before signing completes.

* Template text — have it reviewed by counsel before production launch.